	Note
Now check out to see how to create a `.deb` package from this, then come back here.

Autotools 101
	Part III. Programming related (also shell scripting)

Autotools 101

Jurjen Bokma

July 2009

I found this nice (no, I mean really good autotools tutorial. Below is what I did while reading...

Procedure 33. Autotools Hello World

Install the tools

apt-get install autoconf libtool

Create a program

  mkdir -p hw/src
  cd hw
  emacs -nw src/main.cpp:

/*
 HelloWorld example to try packaging toolchain
 by JB 20090712
 based on numerous public domain examples
*/

#include <iostream>

int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
 std::cout << "Hello, world!\n";
 return 0;
}

Create Makefile.ams

Create Makefiles.am:

SUBDIRS=src

and src/Makefiles.am:

bin_PROGRAMS=HelloWorld
HelloWorld_SOURCES=main.cpp

See the GNU Automake Manual if needed.

Create configure.ac

AC_INIT([HelloWorld],[1.0],[j.bokma@rug.nl])
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([-Wall -Werror foreign])
AC_PROG_CC
AC_PROG_CXX
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile src/Makefile])
AC_OUTPUT

If you want to expand configure.ac, consider the existing tests section of the GNU Autoconf Manual.

calling autoscan
Autoscan might warn us for missing parts in configure.ac. But this time there are none.
autoscan
Calling autoreconf
Autoreconf creates
autoreconf --install
Creating a tarbundle

make distcheck { test ! -d hello-world-1.0 || { find hello-world-1.0 -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr hello-world-1.0; }; } test -d hello-world-1.0 || mkdir hello-world-1.0 <snippety-snippety-snip> make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/jurjen/src/hw/hello-world-1.0/_build' { test ! -d hello-world-1.0 || { find hello-world-1.0 -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr hello-world-1.0; }; } ================================================= hello-world-1.0 archives ready for distribution: hello-world-1.0.tar.gz =================================================

Note
Now check out to see how to create a .deb package from this, then come back here.

Procedure 34. Internationalization with GetText

Internationalization
1. Invoking gettextize
  The gettext part of the autotools tutorial is excellent.
  gettextize Please use AM_GNU_GETTEXT([external]) in order to cause autoconfiguration to look for an external libintl. Please create po/Makevars from the template in po/Makevars.template. You can then remove po/Makevars.template. Please fill po/POTFILES.in as described in the documentation. Please run 'aclocal -I m4' to regenerate the aclocal.m4 file. You need aclocal from GNU automake 1.9 (or newer) to do this. Then run 'autoconf' to regenerate the configure file. You will also need config.guess and config.sub, which you can get from the CVS of the 'config' project at http://savannah.gnu.org/. The commands to fetch them are $ wget 'http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/*checkout*/config/config/config.guess' $ wget 'http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/*checkout*/config/config/config.sub' You might also want to copy the convenience header file gettext.h from the /usr/share/gettext directory into your package. It is a wrapper around <libintl.h> that implements the configure --disable-nls option. Press Return to acknowledge the previous 6 paragraphs.
  Do as it says: edit configure.ac, copy po/makevars.template to po/Makevars and edit that, and edit po/POTFILES.in. Also run aclocal -I m4.
2. Calling autoconf through autoreconf
  
  autoreconf --install wget 'http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/*checkout*/config/config/config.guess' wget 'http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/*checkout*/config/config/config.sub' cp /usr/share/gettext/gettext.h src

Modify the source

#include <iostream>
#include "config.h"
#include <locale>
#include "gettext.h"
#define _(string) gettext (string)

int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
bindtextdomain (PACKAGE,
                LOCALEDIR);
textdomain (PACKAGE);
std::cout << _("Hello, world!\n");
return 0;
}

Localization

cd po/ make update-po msginit -l nl --input hello-world.pot
Edit hello-world.pot
msgfmt --statistics --check nl.po echo nl >> LINGUAS
create another tarball

autoreconf --install ./configure make distcheck


Inserting after comments with AWK (or SED)		Arrays in sh